The International Occupational Hygiene Association (IOHA) refers to occupational hygiene as the discipline of anticipating, recognizing, evaluating and controlling health hazards in the working environment with the objective of protecting worker health and well-being and safeguarding the community at large. The term "industrial hygiene" stems from industries with construction, mining or manufacturing and "occupational hygiene" refers to all types of industry such as those listed for "industrial hygiene" as well as financial and support services industries and refers to "work", "workplace" and "place of work" in general.
Strict and rigorous scientific methodology is used and often requires professional judgment based on experience and education in determining the potential for hazardous exposure risks in workplace and environmental studies. Occupational hygiene is both an aspect of preventative medicine and in particular occupational medicine, in that its goal is to prevent industrial disease, using the science of risk management, exposure assessment and industrial safety. Ultimately professionals seek to implement "safe" systems, procedures or methods to be applied in the workplace or to the environment.
A Similar Exposure Group (SEG), also known as Homogenous Exposure Group (HEG) can be defined as:
a group of workers having the same general exposure profile for the pollutants/agent(s) being studied because of the similarity and frequency of the tasks they perform, the materials and processes with which they work and the similarity of the way they perform the tasks. (Mulhausen et al, 1998)
The purpose of Dynamics 365 HSE HEG is to formally and systematically support health exposure assessment as the foundation of preventative and protective health practice for its businesses.
The process relies on a competent occupational hygienist to conduct walk-through occupational hygiene surveys, group workers with similar potential exposures, devise and conduct exposure sampling programs and then to statistically analyze the exposure data.
Essentially the hygienist is required to conduct and evaluate two types of exposure assessment:
Qualitative Assessment - which is the basic characterization of exposure based on interview, observation and simple measurement
Quantitative Assessment - which is conducted in accordance with recognized exposure monitoring strategies.
Regardless of the type of assessment conducted, the hygienist must analyze the data obtained and produce a scientifically sound report and provide guidance, clearly indicating any requirements for further exposure assessment and interim risk mitigating measures.
Qualitative:
SEGs are determined according to an examination of the activities workers perform AND a subjective judgment on the expected similarity of their exposures. Exposure monitoring data are not considered in detail if at all.
Quantitative:
“90th percentile” means the value which must be used to determine when HEG’s need to be reclassified.
This value can be calculated by:
First placing all sample results in order from the lowest concentration to the highest concentration (i.e., concentration of specific contaminants).
Next, assign each sample result a number, starting with the number 1 for the lowest concentration result up to the highest concentration being given the number equal to the total number of samples collected in that HEG.
Multiply the total number of samples collected by 0.9.
The sample result with the number corresponding to this calculated value = 90th percentile.
Terms/definitions
OEL - "Occupational exposure limit" means the time weighted average concentration for an 8 hour workday and a 40 hour work week to which nearly all workers may be repeatedly exposed without adverse health effects.
OEL - C - "Occupational exposure limit - Ceiling limit" means an instantaneous value which must never be exceeded during any part of the working exposure.
OEL-STEL - "Occupational exposure limit - Short term exposure limit" means a 15-minute TWA exposure which should not be exceeded at any time during a workday even if the 8-hour TWA is within the OEL-TWA. Exposures above the OEL-TWA up to the STEL should not be longer than 15 minutes and should not occur more than four times per day. There should be at least 60 minutes between successive exposures in this range. An averaging period other than 15 minutes may be recommended when this is warranted by observed biological effects.
For those substances for which no OEL-STEL have been specified, excluding airborne particulates, a figure of three times the occupational exposure limit is to be used when controlling short-term excursions in exposure.
"Respirable particulates" means the respirable fraction of airborne particulates.
"Inhalable particulates" means airborne particulates as collected by a personal gravimetric sampler without particle size selection.
A unit of measurement is a definite magnitude of a physical quantity, defined and adopted by convention or by law, which is used as a standard for measurement of the same physical quantity. Any other value of the physical quantity can be expressed as a simple multiple of the unit of measurement.
Go to: Organization administration > Setup > Units >Units
The term site refers to a location at which a company has setup operations. A site is a grouping of resources and warehouses that are operationally interrelated. A site may be spread across multiple physical addresses, e.g. in the same city, if the associated resources and warehouse are operationally closely connected, and if it is considered one physical location.
From this perspective, an operational site can be considered the geographical location where items are stocked in warehouses associated with the site.
Go to: Inventory management > Setup > Inventory breakdown > Sites
The Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) System classifies occupations. It is designed to cover all occupations in which work is performed for pay or profit. The 2010 SOC includes 840 occupational types.
Users of occupational data include government program managers, industrial and labor relations practitioners, students considering career training, job seekers, vocational training schools, and employers wishing to set salary scales or locate a new plant.
The SOC codes have a hierarchical format, so for example the code "15-0000" refers to occupations in the "Computer and Mathematical Occupations" category, and "15-1130" is a subset for "Software Developers and Programmers."
The SOC does not categorize industries or employers.
Go to: Health, safety and Environment > Setup > Standard Code of Occupations
Test instruments is a source for information about your test instruments, for example: Location, Calibration identification (serial number) and status.
Go to: Health, Safety and Environment > Industrial hygiene > Setup for industrial hygiene > Test instruments
On the Action pane, click New
In the Test instrument field, enter the identifier for a test instrument
In the Description field, enter a description for the test instrument
In the Unit field, select the unit of measure for a test instrument
Units of measure must be defined in the Units form together with a decimal precision. The unit of measure applies to any test that is performed with the test instrument and the decimal precision applies to the acceptable test measurement values and to the reporting of test results
The Precision field displays the decimal precision for the unit of measure, where the decimal precision has been defined
Under the Detail field group, enter the following information:
In the Equipment type field, select the relevant group from the dropdown list
In the Make field, enter the manufacturer of the test instrument (used to identify a specific instrument)
In the Model field, enter the model of the test instrument (used to identify a specific instrument)
In the Serial number field, enter the serial number of the test instrument (used to identify a specific instrument)
In the Location field, enter the location where the instrument is currently located
In the Equipment status field, select one of the following from the dropdown list:
Active – “Calibrated”.
Inactive – “DO NOT USE - Out of Service”
Discontinued – “DO NOT USE - Out of Service”
Reference only – “NOT CALIBRATED – For Reference Only”
No calibration required – “No Calibration Required”
Lost – “Lost”
Under the Calibration field group, enter the following information:
In the Calibrated by field, select the person or organization that calibrated the instrument
In the Calibration date field, select the date that the instrument was calibrated on
In the Due date for nextcalibration field, select the date that the instrument is due to be re-calibrated
In the Note field, optionally enter or view notes about the test instrument
This form is used by an organization to maintain processes and activities involved while executing operational work. The Activity area code list is as it is set in the SANOHP codebook
Go to: Health, Safety and Environment > Setup > Process and activity
Under the General Fast tab, fill in the following:
Process: A unique identification ID for the process
Description: Description or name for this process
Expand the Activities Fast tab
Click Add
In the Activity ID field, enter a unique identification ID for the activity
In the Description field, enter a description or name for this activity
A pollutant is a substance or energy introduced into the environment that has undesired effects, or adversely affects the usefulness of a resource. A pollutant may cause long- or short-term damage by changing the growth rate of plant or animal species, or by interfering with human amenities, comfort, health, or property values.
Go to: Health, Safety and Environment > Industrial hygiene > Pollutants
Under the General Fast tab, enter the following:
Enter a brief Description or name for this hazard
Select the Site that this hazard is linked to
Select the Department that this hazard is linked to
Select the relevant hazard Classification from the dropdown list
Indicate whether this hazard is a Pollutant
Select the relevant Pollutant type from the dropdown list
Enter additional information about this hazard in the Note box provided
Expand the Homogeneous exposure group Fast tab
Under the Exposure limits Field group, click on the Add button
Sub-type: Select all the readings used in the calculation of the band
Short term value: Indicates the short term OEL (occupational exposure limit) meaning a limit value set by the Minister for a stress factor in the workplace, as revised from time to time by notice in the Government Gazette
Long term value: Indicates the long term OEL (occupational exposure limit) meaning a limit value set by the Minister for a stress factor in the workplace as revised from time to time by notice in the Government Gazette
Unit: Indicates the unit of measure that will be used for this reading
Select the relevant Pollutant group linked to the hazard
Under the Is pollutant Field group:
Indicate whether the pollutant is Significant
Indicate whether this pollutant is Addictive
Indicate whether this pollutant is going to be measured directly against a worker
Indicate whether the Inverted scale for the exposure calculation done on the HEG e.g., for Cold stress, should be used for this pollutant
Expand the Hazardous substance Fast tab
Substance: Substance linked to this hazard; this will be used for the reporting as set in the SANOHP codebook
Description: The substance description
Estimate the concentration of the pollutant in water, soil and/or air within a 500m radius of the epicentre of the incident
Estimate the concentration of the pollutant in water, soil and/or air within a 2000m radius of the epicentre of the incident
Estimate the concentration of the pollutant in water, soil and/or air within a 1000m radius of the epicentre of the incident
Concentration unit: The unit of measure of this substance
This form is used to maintain Classification bands. The setup of classification bands is used in the calculation of classification bands for a HEG, as well as the scheduling. (as set in the SANOHP codebook)
Go to: Health, Safety and Environment > Industrial hygiene > Setup for industrial hygiene > Classification band
The General Fast tab: Identification information is captured
The Exposure limit (OEL) Range Fast tab: The Classification band ranges, and formula are displayed
The Sampling Fast tab: The sample frequency used when scheduling the HEG is selected
Select whether the samples to be taken are static/personal/both
Enter the interval value and select the period
Select what you want to calculate: Minimum/maximum/quantity/percentage
Set the number of samples to create records for when running the schedule
OR
Set the percentage of workers to be used in the samples to create records for when running the schedule
Homogeneous exposure group is used to identify the people and workplaces that are exposed to similar agents and have a common exposure profile. This grouping enables enterprises to collect and examine exposure data for only a few people and a few workplaces and then to apply the findings and decisions to the rest of the group. HEGs help to minimize monitoring costs and to leverage exposure data to protect the health and safety of all people in the HEG.
Go to: Health, Safety and Environment > Industrial hygiene > All HEGs in legal entity
Functions of the buttons on the Action pane:
Exposure result:
For manually capturing an additional exposure result
An Approved schedule is created
Only workers belonging to the HEG, will be on the drop-down list
Calculate exposure:
Choose to calculate an exposure result for either workers, workplaces, or both
This is usually done once a year
Results are visible on the workers belonging to the HEG
Create activity:
Send a reminder to someone by creating an activity. The activity will then show up on their activity list.
The activity number is also displayed in the Related information pane
Select the relevant Pollutant type from the dropdown list
Select the relevant Pollutant (Hazard) from the dropdown list
Risk classification: Classification band (display only)
Select the relevant Work centre (Resource) from the dropdown list
Select the relevant Site from the dropdown list
Select the relevant Department from the dropdown list
Additive: Workers are frequently subjected to mixed exposures. This is when a significant pollutant that has an additive effect has been identified in an activity area
Enter the From and To dates to use in calculation exposure
Select the relevant Process form the dropdown list
Select t eh relevant SOC (Standard Occupation Code) from the dropdown list
Under the Scheduling rules: Samples Index tab:
Select whether the Schedule type is Manual/Calculated
Manual - This setting is to create a new schedule for a HEG without populating required tests (ResultID). One can therefore create new test records against this schedule as required.
Calculated - This setting creates a calculated schedule as per setup in Classification bands. Will create full schedule with a test(s) against each line schedule created for time periods specified in the setup.
Under the Scheduling rules from Classification band Field group: Indicate whether samples are to be taken from the Worker/Workplace/Both
The value in the Period field will be populated from the classification band, and used in scheduling
(Classification information history based on the bands that were created)
Select the date for which the record should be displayed (The fields in the grid are displays only)
Click on the Apply button to apply the date filter
¶ Step 17.3: The Positions held by workers Fast tab
HEG groups of similar workers (via position)
To add a new record, click on the Add button
Select the Position that you want to add from the dropdown list
The other fields will be populated with the relevant data
Under this Fast tab, the user should list all positions exposed to this HEG. The worker assigned to this position must have an occupation code link to be able to produce the reports as set by the SAMOHP codebook
This form shows all the Approved sample schedules and can be used for the daily capturing of sample data
Go to: Health, Safety and Environment > Industrial hygiene > Schedules > All approved HEG sample schedules
Click on the Schedule ID that you want to add results to
The functions of the buttons on the Action pane are the same as on the All HEG sampling schedules form
Schedule statuses:
Created
No values can be entered
Result ID = Created
The Feedback button is not available
Approved
Result ID = Created
Results can be entered and edited
The Feedback button is available
Completed
The record is locked. The schedule is closed.
¶ Step 21.1: Functions of the buttons on the sample schedules
Functions of the buttons on the Action pane:
New: Creates a new ad-hoc sample record. This record will be marked as an Additional record
Feedback tab:
Sample taken: This will change the feedback status on the line to Sample taken
Approved: This will change the feedback status on the line to Approved
Rejected: This will change the feedback status on the line to Rejected
If the sample is rejected, the following dialog will be displayed:
Enter a reason why this sample is rejected
Click O; to change the feedback status on the line to Rejected
OR
Click Create new result to change the feedback status on the line to Rejected and create a new sampling record. This record will be markedas an Additional record
Record result: Changes the feedback status on the line to Recorded
Status: Status of the test result. This is changed from Created to Completed once the Record result button is clicked. This status must be Completed for the results to be used in calculations
Worker: Select the worker involved with the sample
OR
Workplace: Select the workplace where the sample was taken
If What to sample is Worker, then the worker field is mandatory
If What to sample is Workplace, then the workplace field is mandatory